The issue was missing support for XEP-0359: Unique and Stable Stanza IDs in Openfire, while advertising and supporting XEP-0313: Message Archive Management. According to XEP-0313, when urn:xmpp:mam:2 (current version of MAM) is advertised, it is required for the server to support XEP-0359:

When a message is archived, the server MUST add an element as defined in Unique and Stable Stanza IDs (XEP-0359) [2] to the message, which informs the recipient of where and under what ID the message is stored. When doing this the server MUST follow the business rules defined in XEP-0359. The 'by' attribute MUST be set to the address of the archive. For regular users that’s the bare JID of the account and for MUC that’s the bare JID of the room. I've applied a workaround for this scenario and I hope that this workaround can be removed in the near future.